Page 12 - Innovation in energy management: contribution of railways to sustainable mobility

 In July 2020, the European Hydrogen Strategy was published to provide a roadmap
for the deployment of hydrogen at EU level. Following this, in October 2020, the
Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge launched the
Hydrogen Roadmap, positioning renewable hydrogen as part of the solution to
achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and develop innovative industrial value chains
in Spain. This Roadmap forecasts that by 2030 there will be hydrogen-powered
trains on at least two non-electrified commercial lines.

 In September 2020, the Ministry for Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda approved
the Strategy for Safe, Sustainable and Connected Mobility 2030 to respond to the new
challenges that arise in mobility and transport to contribute to the decarbonisation
of the economy. It should be noted that this strategy already expressly indicates the
need to use Hydrogen and LNG on the railway.

 In November 2020, at the proposal of the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and
the Demographic Challenge, the Long-Term Decarboniszation Strategy 2050 (ELP
2050) was approved in Spain, which is aimed at achieving climate neutrality in
2050. It establishes that the decarbonisation of the transport sector will come hand
in hand with the intensification of energy efficiency measures, together with the
substitution of fossil fuels for other products with low or zero net carbon emissions.
In 2030, because of the measures provided at the Integrated National Energy and
Climate Plan (such as the change in mobility models and the increase of
electrification), a 28% share of renewable energy in transport is expected, as well
as a 30% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions between 2021 and 2030. On the
way to climate neutrality in this sector, from 2030, progress must be made in energy
efficiency measures, electrification, promotion of liquid fuels and renewable gases,
digitisation and integrated urban planning.

 In July 2021, the proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the
Council on the implementation of infrastructures for alternative fuels was
presented and the Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and the
Council was repealed. In this regard, it is worth highlighting the ambitious
objectives set for 2030 and 2050 in terms of electric recharging points and hydrogen
refuelling. The approval of said Regulation will mean its immediate entry into force,
without the need for national transposition.

SELF-CONSUMPTION

In April 2019, the Spanish Government approved the Royal Decree 244/2019, which
regulates the administrative, technical and economic conditions for self-consumption of
electricity in Spain. This rule completes the regulatory framework promoted by the Royal
Decree-Law 15/2018, which repealed the so-called sun tax, and provides certainty and
security for users.

Among the main regulatory novelties included in Royal Decree 244/2019, a new definition
of self-consumption it is stated as the consumption by one or several consumers of electrical
energy from generation facilities close to those of consumption and associated with them.
It is established that self-consumed energy of renewable origin, cogeneration or waste, will
be exempt from all types of charges and tolls.

Two modes of self-consumption are defined: self-consumption without surpluses, which at
no time can discharge energy into the network. These installations are exempt from the
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Position paper: Innovation in energy management: contribution of railways to sustainable mobility
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